Top 5 Most Common Mortgage Types

When it comes to financing a home, choosing the right mortgage is crucial. With so many options available, it can feel overwhelming for first-time buyers and even experienced homeowners. Below are the top five most common mortgage options.

1. Conventional Fixed-Rate Mortgage

A conventional fixed-rate mortgage is one of the most popular mortgage types. With this loan, the interest rate remains the same throughout the life of the loan, which can be 15, 20, or 30 years. Because the rate doesn’t change, your monthly principal and interest payments will remain consistent. This option is ideal for borrowers who plan to stay in their homes long-term and want predictability in their mortgage payments.

2. Adjustable-Rate Mortgage (ARM)

An adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) offers a lower initial interest rate for a set period, usually 5, 7, or 10 years. After this period, the interest rate adjusts periodically based on market conditions. ARMs are attractive for borrowers who plan to sell or refinance before the initial fixed period ends. However, it’s important to be aware that the rate—and your monthly payment—could increase after the adjustment period.

3. FHA Loan

Federal Housing Administration (FHA) loans are a popular choice for first-time homebuyers or those with less-than-perfect credit. FHA loans typically require a lower down payment (as low as 3.5%) and are more lenient in their credit score requirements. However, borrowers will need to pay mortgage insurance premiums (MIP), which increases the overall cost of the loan. FHA loans are a great option for those who may not qualify for a conventional loan due to stricter lending criteria.

4. VA Loan

Available to eligible veterans, active-duty military, and some surviving spouses, VA loans offer significant benefits. These include no down payment, no private mortgage insurance (PMI), and competitive interest rates. VA loans are guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, making them a fantastic option for those who qualify. The absence of a down payment and PMI can significantly lower the overall cost of the loan.

5. Jumbo Loan

Jumbo loans are used for purchasing high-priced or luxury homes that exceed the conforming loan limits set by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA). In most areas, that limit is $726,200 as of 2024, but in high-cost regions, the limit is higher. Because jumbo loans are riskier for lenders, they typically come with stricter credit requirements, larger down payments, and slightly higher interest rates. However, they are the go-to option for borrowers looking to finance more expensive properties.

These are the top five most common mortgage types, each suited to different financial needs and goals. Whether you’re buying your first home or looking to invest in luxury real estate, understanding these mortgage options can help you make an informed decision.